venerdì, Marzo 29, 2024
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re3a7532

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Acute calculous cholecystitis

DIAGNOSIS Clinical signs and symptoms Abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen Elevated temperature Absence of vomiting Abdominal tenderness (sign of complicated...

Acute cholangitis

DIAGNOSIS Clinical signs and symptoms Fever Jaundice Abdominal pain Laboratory markers White blood cell C-reactive protein Total bilirubin Direct bilirubin Alkaline phosphatase Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase Aspartate aminotransferase ...

Gastroduodenal ulcer perforation

Gastroduodenal ulcer perforations have decreased in the last few years, largely due to the widespread adoption of medical therapies for peptic ulcer disease and...

Small bowel perforation

Non-traumatic small bowel perforation is uncommon but can be fatal. Typhoid fever and tuberculosis are the common causes of such perforation in the developing...

Post-operative peritonitis

DIAGNOSIS Clinical signs and symptoms • Fever • Abdominal pain • Abdominal tenderness The atypical clinical presentation may be responsible for a delay in diagnosis and reintervention or reoperation. Laboratory...

Principles of antibiotic therapy in surgery

Principles of antibiotic therapy in surgery 1. The source of infection should always be identified and controlled as soon as possible. 2. Antibiotic empiric therapy should...

Principles of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery

Principles of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery 1. Antibiotics alone are unable to prevent surgical site infections. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections should always...

WSES sepsis severity score for patients with cIAIs

Criteria Point Value Clinical condition at the admission Severe sepsis (acute organ dysfunction) at the admission 3 Septic shock (acute circulatory failure characterized by persistent arterial hypotension. It always...

Mannheim peritonitis index

Criteria Point Value Age >50 years 5 Female sex 5 Organ failure 7 Malignancy 4 Origin of sepsis not colonic 4 Diffuse generalized peritonitis 6 Preoperative duration of peritonitis >24 h 4 Intraperitoneal exudates Clear 0 Cloudy, purulent 6 Fecal 12   Organ failure: Kidney failure: Cratinine level...

POSSUM score

Criteria Point Value Age (Years) <60 1 61-70 2 >71 4 Cardiac Signs No Failure 1 Diuretic, Digoxin, antianginal or antihypertensive therapy 2 Peripheral edema, anticoagulant therapy 4 Raised JVP 8 Chest X-Ray Normal 1 Borderline cardiomegaly 4 Cardiomegaly 8 Respiratory History No Dyspnoea 1 Dyspnoea on exertion 2 Limiting dyspnea (one flight of...