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Acute cholangitis
DIAGNOSIS
Clinical signs and symptoms
Fever
Jaundice
Abdominal pain
Laboratory markers
White blood cell
C-reactive protein
Total bilirubin
Direct bilirubin
Alkaline phosphatase
Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
Aspartate aminotransferase
...
Cutaneous abscesses
To be considered a simple abscess, induration and erythema should be limited only to a defined area of the abscess and should not extend...
Post-operative peritonitis
DIAGNOSIS
Clinical signs and symptoms
• Fever
• Abdominal pain
• Abdominal tenderness
The atypical clinical presentation may be responsible for a delay in diagnosis and reintervention or reoperation.
Laboratory...
Scientific committee
Joseph Solomkin
Luca Ansaloni
Marja Boermeester
Fausto Catena
Federico Coccolini
Jared Huston
Lillian Kao
Yoram Kluger
Kemal Rasa
Ines Rubio-Perez
Massimo Sartelli (committee coordinator)
Robert Sawyer
Website managers
Belinda De Simone
Antonio Tarasconi
Cristian TranÃ
Principles of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
Principles of appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery
1. Antibiotics alone are unable to prevent surgical site infections. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections should always...
POSSUM score
Criteria
Point Value
Age (Years)
<60
1
61-70
2
>71
4
Cardiac Signs
No Failure
1
Diuretic, Digoxin, antianginal or antihypertensive therapy
2
Peripheral edema, anticoagulant therapy
4
Raised JVP
8
Chest X-Ray
Normal
1
Borderline cardiomegaly
4
Cardiomegaly
8
Respiratory History
No Dyspnoea
1
Dyspnoea on exertion
2
Limiting dyspnea (one flight of...
Complex skin and subcutaneous abscesses
Complex skin and subcutaneous abscesses are typically well circumscribed and respond to incision and drainage.
Antibiotic therapy should be used if systemic signs of infection...
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Mannheim peritonitis index
Criteria
Point Value
Age >50 years
5
Female sex
5
Organ failure
7
Malignancy
4
Origin of sepsis not colonic
4
Diffuse generalized peritonitis
6
Preoperative duration of peritonitis >24 h
4
Intraperitoneal exudates
Clear
0
Cloudy, purulent
6
Fecal
12
Organ failure: Kidney failure: Cratinine level...
Principles of antibiotic therapy in surgery
Principles of antibiotic therapy in surgery
1. The source of infection should always be identified and controlled as soon as possible.
2. Antibiotic empiric therapy should...
